Leaking waste containers ( ethics ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leaking waste containers ( ethics ) - Essay Example As a result the methods adopted by Tom Treehorn, could very well result in problems for the ABC Company. Environmental agencies are very much particular about the methods, which are adopted by the companies in disposal of the chemical wastes and they take tough action against erring companies. Hence Scott should warn Tom that if he does not follow the company ethics and rules of waste disposal, the matter could be brought to the notice of his superiors, since it could adversely affect the interests of ABC Company. 2. Should Scott inform Tom that he will not interfere with Tom’s plan? But he will not help him with it either. Answer: Scott very well knows that Tom is really not serious about preventing environmental problems that will be caused by ABC, if chemical wastes are not disposed properly and is only looking at ways by his workload is lessened and also finding ways to profit him. Scott being the Engineer of ABC and being given the responsibility of inspecting the warehou se, should never agree to Tom’s plan because it will affect his company. Being an employee to the ABC Company he would be taking the wrong decision by allowing Tom to dispose the chemical waste, by adopting his own time tested ways, which are very much against the rules, set by the Environmental Protection Agency. Thus Scot should never tell Tom that, he will not interfere with his way of disposing the chemical waste nor should he be given the assurance that Scott will not interfere in such matters. 3. Should Scot advise Tom not to go ahead with his plan? But not interfere if Tom insists on going ahead anyway? Answer: Scott being the Engineer of the ABC Company has got the authority to tell Tom regarding the best methods, which are to be adopted by companies in dealing with the disposal of the chemical wastes. Since it is a very serious matter that can undermine the ABC Company’s interest, future and also at the same time result in severe forms of penalties from the En vironmental Protection Agency and closure of the company operations, he should really advise Tom not to go ahead with his plan for the chemical waste disposal. Even after all this advise being given by Scott to Tom to follow the company norms, Tom still insists in going ahead with his plans of the chemical waste disposal, then Scott has to interfere and inform Tom’s superior and also the top management of the ABC company, since this could in the future become a serious issue for ABC. 4. Should Scott say nothing and help Tom with his plan? And why? Answer: If Scot says nothing to Tom’s stated plans for the chemical waste disposal of the ABC Company and allows him to go forward as per his own plan, then it will show that Scott is not a good employee of ABC. Scott being the Engineer is being entrusted with the duty of the warehouse inspection and to find out defects that are existing within it and take corrective actions to rectify the faults. If he decides to agree to To m’s plans, then he will be endangering not only his employment as Engineer within ABC but also the whole company’s future, since if the Environmental Protection Agency comes to know the illegal methods of chemical waste disposal adopted by Tom, then they could take severe action against the ABC Company. Hence Scott should not help Tom in going ahead with his plans but has to strictly warn Tom regarding the future adverse impacts, which his

Virtual Childhood reflection Essay Example for Free

Virtual Childhood reflection Essay Debbie has grown so much in the last few months. She has achieved some milestones that are predominantly seen amongst infants within this age brackets. Breast milk is still her main source of food up on till the time she clocked six months of age when solids were introduced. She sucks at everything that touches her lips; this is due to the sucking reflex that is inborn. My virtual child ate fairly well; she would once in a while vomit the food if she didn’t burp. Her motor development is consistently being tweaked as she’s able to coordinate her pass objects from one hand to another. She occasionally paddles and kicks in sort of a swimming motion. Sleep is somewhat troubling because she wakes up at night to feed and she fusses occasionally for no reasons. Debbie is currently at six months and she’s able to fully identify key persons in her life. This is because of the interactive activities she has been exposed to, such as reading. Her cognitive abilities have developed with exposure to her surroundings especially during evening strolls. Debbie warms up to people after a period of time. This is because she knows the key people in her life while she takes a couple of minutes to warm up to strangers. Eventually she warms up to them. At 3months she was starting to recognize key persons in her life. By the 8month mark, she was able to fully recognize her parents. An emotional attachment had developed. She would cry passionately and we respond to her needs. According to Ainsworth the continuity of this attachment would only build a child a child who would tend to be insecure in the future.

Sports Review Performance Strengths Weaknesses Areas For Improvement Health Essay

Sports Review Performance Strengths Weaknesses Areas For Improvement Health Essay Think carefully about the practices, skills and tactics that you have been working on over the past 4-6 weeks, as a player and as an official. Strengths Areas for development Good footwork because she was quick to pass and move quickly. This will allow her to be free for the next pass. Dodging was good as she was quick with her feet which helped her be free so that she can accept a ball passed to her. Catching was good as she didnt allow it to go to the other players. This will allow her and her team to score more goals and stop her opponents from receiving the ball. Shes needs to pass on target because if she doesnt then the ball will be lost to her opponents. Defence needs improvement. Needs to keep eyes on the ball and jump for ball when needed. Needs to intercept more when defending. This will allow her and her team to stop the ball from being shot by the other team. Needs to improve on the power of her passes to her team because if the power of her passes is weak or too strong then the team player wouldnt be able to catch the ball. This will give the opposing team a chance. Needs to signal for the ball quickly when shes free. This means that her opponent wont be able to know when shell be able to get the ball. Identify three ways in which their performance or knowledge has improved since starting the course. 1 Knowing the rules and technique when it comes to footwork 2 Knowing the technique used when passing and shooting a ball. 3 Being able to dodge, attack and defend effectively. Give this performer three action points that will help them improve their performance or knowledge in the future. Reference should be made to an appropriate Governing Body course if possible. 1 To be able to improve her performance, she needs to bend her knees and elbows also she needs to add more power when shooting the ball into the net. This will allow her to shoot more accurately when shes scoring. 2 To be able to improve her performance, she needs to intercept more and stay on her toes which will help her to move more easily and quickly. It will also allow her to stop her opponents receiving the ball. 3 To be able to improve her performance, she needs to practice jumping and catching the ball whilst its being passed over her head to the opposing team. She also needs to practice her overhead passes. Any further comments on the course or the targets that you have set the performer. OWN PERFORMANCE REVIEW (P9, M5, D2) Review a sports performance. In the table below write down what you think your strengths and weaknesses are. Think carefully about the practices, skills and tactics that you have been working on over the past 4-6 weeks, as a player and as an official. Strengths Areas for development Defending the goal from the opposing team. This means that my team will have a better chance of winning the game. Dodging is good as I free myself quickly from the player marking me. This means that I able to receive the ball when I needed. My interception is good as I am quick and always have my eyes on the ball. This means that my opponents have a less chance of receiving the ball and/or winning the game. My defending is good as I am quick and always moving. This is an advantage to my team as I stop the opponents from scoring in our goal. Take time when shooting the ball. This means that my team and I will be able to gain more from it. Need to keep in mind what foot is my landing foot so I can shoot easily as well as pivot. Be aware of the people around me when I receive the ball. This will allow me to pass to the appropriate player. Remember to spread legs when shooting. This allows my shooting to be more accurate. Identify three ways in which your performance or knowledge has improved since starting the course. 1 My defending skills have improved as I am able to stay on my toes allowing me to move quickly and easily. 2 My shooting technique has improved and has allowed me to shoot more accurately. 3 My footwork has improved because I move very quickly allowing me to intercept, attack and defend the ball/goal from the opponents. Give yourself three action points that will help you improve your performance or knowledge in the future. Reference should be made to an appropriate Governing Body course if possible. 1 To be able improve my performance or knowledge in the future. I need to make sure that when I receive the ball I am aware of all my team player and which team player is the best to pass the ball to. 2 To be able to improve my performance or knowledge in the future. I need to make sure I always remember the shooting technique whenever Im shooting the ball into the goal. This is so that I have a more accurate chance of scoring a goal. 3 To be able to improve my performance or knowledge in the future. I need to make sure that I always stay with the player I am marking so that I can defend, attack or intercept the ball when I need to. Any further comments on the course or the targets that you have set yourself. RULES AND REGULATIONS WORKSHEET (P3, P4) ACTIVITY _______ ____________________ Who is the Governing Body for this Sport what is there web site address? The England Netball is the Governing Body for this sport. http://www.englandnetball.co.uk/ List below 5 National Governing Body rules for this sport. a) A netball player must be able to pass or shoot the netball in 3 seconds after the ball is caught. b) When a netball player jumps to catch a ball she must land on one foot and that landing foot must not be moved at any time unless the player passes the ball shes holding. c) A netball player must not contact an opponent at any time in the game either by accident or deliberately in such a way that the game and/or the opponent is interrupted. d) Goal Attack or Goal Shooter are the only players in netball that are allowed to shoot the ball. In order for these players to shoot they must be in the circle. e) A netball player is offside when the player moves out of their designated area with or without a netball. What are the timing regulations associated with this sport? All netball shooter must be able to shown within 3 seconds. Netball players must also pass the netball with 3 seconds. In the space below draw a diagram of the playing area, with important specifications http://www.abcteach.com/basicshapes/images/semici4.gif Goal GoalDraw two hand signals in the space below that officials may use in this sport.http://www.abcteach.com/basicshapes/images/semici4.gif Obstruction The players hands are apart and are positioned in front of their body. Direction of Pass The Umpires arm will be pointed in the direction the netball is to be played. Briefly explain how a competitive goal is scored in this sport. C has the play passes it to WA who passes it to the GA, then the netball is passed to the GS. The GS then shoots the ball into the net. Explain below 4 health safety issues concerned with the game this could be linked to injury/substitution, protective equipment, playing surface, ground design/surveillance. a) The end of the netball goalposts must be padded so that the netball players can run around the court without injuring themselves or colliding with other players b) Netball players must be all perform a small fitness exam so that coaches, officials and other team members are sure that the players are fit enough to play the games. c) Stretcher, first aid kits as well as a qualified first aid personnel must be available at the game to ensure that if an injury occurs it can be treated immediately. d) Remove all courtside hazards also examine the playing field to make sure all hazards on the court is removed and the court must be maintained as a hazard free playing surface. Briefly explain the sanctions applied to players for inappropriate behaviour (e.g. the use of red yellow cards in football) A formal warning is first given to a player who demonstrates inappropriate behaviour. If the player shows other signs of inappropriate behaviour the Umpire will take any actions they feel is appropriate for the player. This could be the players suspension from the game. If the player still demonstrates inappropriate behaviour the Umpire may order the player from the netball court and the player wont be able to take part in rest of the game. An Umpire can only suspend a player if the said player has been given a warning. 9. How effective do you think the rules and regulations are within this sport? I think the rules and regulations for Netball are very effective as it makes Netball a competitively fun sport to play and also it makes the s[port one of the safest sports. Also, I think the rule and regulations are effective as it makes the game fair and strict as well as challenging. Would you implement any further rules or regulations to improve the game, or make it more exciting? No. OBSERVATION OF AN OFFICIAL (P5, P6) Observe an official in a game situation. This can de done during a lesson, watching a video or a live match outside of school. Sport: Fixture: Name of Official: Date: List three roles of the official: 1 2 3 Attempt to judge their performance in making the correct decisions against identified rules and regulations (please tick): RULE/REGULATION CORRECT INCORRECT Did the official control the game? Analyse the performance of the official. What mark would you give him/her /10? (1 = inept, 6 = competent, 10 = outstanding) Comparison of officials Now watch an official in action in another sport. Compare the two officials from the two sports. Are there any differences in their roles? How they are treated by players/coaches? How they deal with difficult situations? How fit they have to be? Answer in the box below. Differences between the officials in two sports Sport 1: Netball Sport 2: Basketball In Netball there are two umpires, two scorers and two timekeepers are the officials. The umpires are the main officials in netball. Whilst, in Basketball there are either 2 or 3 officials. The main official is the referee and the others are the official scorer and official timekeeper. In Netball, the officials use hand signals and whistles to keep the game safe, make sure the players follow the rules and also to make sure that it is played safely. However, in Basketball is very rare for officials to use hand signals. Most whistles are used throughout the game. TACTICS WORKSHEET (M1, D1) ACTIVITY _______ ____________________ Describe and illustrate a defensive tactic that you would use in your sport e.g. zone defence in Basketball. Describe and illustrate an attacking tactic that you would use in your sport e.g. fast break in Basketball. Justify the use of these two tactics, giving specific examples. (D1) Identify areas for further improvement. OBSERVATION CHECKLIST (P7) ACTIVITY _______ ____________________ Use this space to produce an observation checklist. Skill Successful Unsuccessful Percentage Passing C:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].png 100% Successful 0% Unsuccessful Shooting 0% Successful 0% Unsuccessful Catching C:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].png http://www.clker.com/cliparts/a/6/e/8/119498563188281957tasto_8_architetto_franc_01.svg.med.png 80% Successful 20% Unsuccessful Interception http://www.clker.com/cliparts/a/6/e/8/119498563188281957tasto_8_architetto_franc_01.svg.med.png 0% Successful 0% Unsuccessful Skill Successful Unsuccessful Percentage Footwork C:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].png http://www.clker.com/cliparts/a/6/e/8/119498563188281957tasto_8_architetto_franc_01.svg.med.png 75% Successful 25% Unsuccessful Shooting C:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].png http://www.clker.com/cliparts/a/6/e/8/119498563188281957tasto_8_architetto_franc_01.svg.med.pnghttp://www.clker.com/cliparts/a/6/e/8/119498563188281957tasto_8_architetto_franc_01.svg.med.png 50% Successful 50% Unsuccessful Defending C:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].png C:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].png http://www.clker.com/cliparts/a/6/e/8/119498563188281957tasto_8_architetto_franc_01.svg.med.pnghttp://www.clker.com/cliparts/a/6/e/8/119498563188281957tasto_8_architetto_franc_01.svg.med.png 60% Successful 40% Unsuccessful Interception C:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].pngC:Documents and Settingsghanj007.315Local SettingsTemporary Internet FilesContent.IE5FN4J2YRXMC900432601[1].png http://www.clker.com/cliparts/a/6/e/8/119498563188281957tasto_8_architetto_franc_01.svg.med.png 75% Successful 25% Unsuccessful OBSERVATION CHECKLIST (M3, P8, P9) ACTIVITY _______ ____________________ Use this space to produce your own observation checklist. Use the checklist to review the sports performance of an individual or a team and identify areas of strengths or improvement

Stonehenge :: history

Stonehenge Stonehenge is not only the most famous stone circle in Britain, but also the best-known ancient monument in the World, with at least  ½ a million visitors each year. Located on Salisbury Plain, north of Salisbury, England, it is famous for the debate, mystery, and speculation surrounding it. Stonehenge was not built all in one single step, but rather in four separate stages, dating from approximately 3100BC to 1500BC. The modern visitor to Stonehenge is viewing the ruins of the final phase of construction site. The monument itself consists of four concentric ranges of stones. The oldest part, called Stonehenge I, consists of little more than a circular ditch dug in the chalky soil of the Salisbury Plain, with the soil taken from the ditch piled up to make an enbankment about 6 ft tall. This part of the monument is about 320 ft across. Inside this large circle are the things that we normally think of as Stonhenge proper; circles of stones that once stood upright, and the most photog enic, the large horseshoe arrangements of standing stones at the center. These last, the so-called trillithons, consist of upright stones supporting horizontal lintels, and the largest of them weigh in around 45 tons. These massive stones have been placed in unison with these circles to create Stonehenge and along with that bring about the curiosity of why one would build such a structure as that of Stonehenge. The location of Stonehenge was not simply a coincidental happening, for the latitude is very specific in its function. In the Northern Hemisphere there is only one latitude for which, at their extreme declinations, the sun and moon azimuths are separated by 90 º, and Stonehenge happens to be only a few miles from that latitude. At the latitude of Stonehenge, this axis crosses the midwinter sunset/midsummer sunrise axis at right angles. Every year on the first day of summer, the Sun rises at a point that is farther north than on any other day of the year. At the ruins of Stonehenge in England, this solstice sunrise appears on the horizon in direct alignment with the massive heel stone. This is the most outstanding feature of this ancient monument, built during the same era as the Great Pyramid of Egypt. There is little doubt that the builders of Stonehenge used it to mark this special day as the beginning of each year.

Herbal Medicine

Being a part of alternative medicine, herbalism is often opposed to orthodox medicine. I believe that herbalism can make a good competition to conventional medicine as it has not only a set of methods to cure people, but also a developed philosophical and cultural background, which makes it a complicated system. Herbal Medicine is a medial system, which helps to maintain good health and prevent illnesses.Herbal   practitioners state that good health is much more than an absence of disease. Normal functioning of the body and good work of all systems and organs of an organism is the main and ultimate goal of alternative medicine. History of Herbal Medicine The history of herbalism counts more than five hundred years. Western herbal medicine was founded about 5000 years ago. Since ancient times humans used herbs for food, medicine and making clothes. The term â€Å"herb† is usually used to speak about the plant which is used for medical purposes. So called â€Å"herbs† have been used for centuries to treat people from different diseases. Archaeologists stay that herbs have been used by humans since the Middle Paleolithic era, which is dated more than 61,000 years ago. (Butterfield) Herbal remedies were used in Egypt, Greece, Rome and Middle East. Columbus and other travelers who succeeded him brought a lot of new herbal remedies to Europe. Herbal remedies became especially popular during the era of Henry VIII. A new science, which combined the use of herbs and astrology, was developed during his rule. Herbal medicine was used for centuries and modern medicine did not appear until the end of the Second World War. Technological development made it possible to produce synthetic drugs, which gradually replaced herbal remedies. Nowadays herbal plants become more and more popular. People start realizing that reducing pain symptoms is not enough to cure illness. Herbal medicine is able to give them alternative to orthodox medicine, which treats only symptoms but not the causes of the illnesses. Nowadays there is a separate branch of herbalism called pharmacognosy. This science is preoccupied with the study of drugs produced from plants and animals. There are a lot of sources from which people obtain knowledge about the characteristics of different plants. â€Å"Much herbal knowledge is obtained through attentive empirical observation of a plant's effects on humans. In some traditions, intuition and sacred teachings are important. Many traditional herbalists believe in a ‘life force' that is yet to be fully understood. † (Mysteriously, 119) In addition by mystical approach, modern science gives rational explanations of different components, which create a healing effect of herbs. Only specialists know that a lot of modern medicines used in pharmacology originally derived from plants. Components, which are used to produce synthetic medicaments, derive from natural products. For example, aspirin was originally produced from the bark of willow tree and morphine is achieved from poppy. Most herbs used in herbal medicine have well-studied and explained peculiarities, which explain their curing effect. Old art of herbal treating is almost forgotten now and synthetic drugs have replaced natural products but people start remembering about the positive effect of herbal treatment and it becomes more and more popular in the modern world. Scientific study gives additional reasons to make confidence in alternative medicine in general and herbalism   in particular. Scientists continue to uncover new qualities of herbs, which give additional opportunities in the sphere of medicine. â€Å"In 1993, the British medical journal Lancet reported that in tests conducted in both Germany and Italy, extracts from the ancient Chinese ginkgo tree were successful in treating cerebral insufficiency in older patients. As a remedy that improves the circulation of blood to the head, it is able to help the memory of elderly people. † (Bruno) Ancient people, who could cure practically any disease with the help of herbs possessed knowledge practically lost nowadays. Latest statistics shows that interest to herbal treatment has increased during resent time. People are looking for the ways to be healthy and holistic approach used by herbal medicine appeals to many of them. Herbalism as a Part of Alternative Medicine Usually herbal remedies are used by the practitioners of so called holistic medicine, who believe that there is inner force inside of each human being and this force can help to maintain physical and mental health. Despite the practitioners of holistic medicine do not reject germ theory of illness applied in traditional medicine, they state that this theory does not give convincing explanations about the reasons of illnesses. As states Leonard Bruno in his article Western Herbal Remedies:   â€Å"They argue that many diseases and conditions come about because the individual's inner force or natural immune system is weakened or out of balance. Therefore, they prescribe herbal or plant remedies that are found in nature in order to return an individual's natural inner balance, strengthen the resistance to disease, and maintain good health. † (Bruno) Herbalists use a plant as a whole to treat their patients. In contrast to conventional medicine, where healing characteristics of medicines are based on single chemical constituents, herbal specialists use plants. Each plant provides a unique combination of elements and curing effect is achieved by this unique combination. Herbalists believe that even if we take a combination of all components, which constitute one plant, they will not be as effective as same components, which are found in this plant. So called â€Å"whole plant† philosophy is based on the idea that plant is much more than a sum of its components. Each plant consists of hundreds of different elements and their combination is unique for each plant. This combination gives plant its unique characteristics, which are used in herbal medicine. An effect, created by the sum of components and elements contained in the planed is called synergism. This peculiarity of herbal medicine becomes a subject of controversy because it is not accepted by conventionally trained professionals. The list of active constituents can not serve as an explanation of curing effects of herbal medicines. Herbal remedies influence human body in same chemical manner as synthetic drugs do. From the other side there are several distinctions, which make an effect of herbal medicines and synthetic drugs on organism different. Herbal medicines consist of difficult combination of different elements and these elements affect several organs. These elements get to blood by indirect ways that is why their effect can be not as quick as the one of synthetic medicines but it will definitely be more extensive. Herbs generally make a complex pharmaceutical system. They contain vitamins, minerals, trace elements of different oils, alkaloids, tannins and many other elements. Complexity of effects herbs have on human organism can be traced on different examples. For example, both, tea and coffee contain practically similar dozes of caffeine but everybody knows that coffee usually has stronger stimulating effect. This effect can be explained by big quantity of tannin, contained in tea. Tannin prevents caffeine from absorbing and this reduces   tea’s stimulating effect. (Holmes, 118)  Ã‚   Another example is a comparison of synthetic antibiotics and garlic. Garlic is known as one of the best natural antibiotics but its action is based in principles, which differ from the action of antibiotics. Antibiotics kill bacteria and stop illness. But they kill all kinds of bacteria, including ones which are necessary for good functioning of an organism. In contrast to synthetic antibiotics, garlic does not kill bacteria useful for organism and even vice versa, stimulates them. Since herbal treatment is based on holistic approach qualified herbalist starts his treatment with long interview with a patient. His interview sometimes covers different spheres of client’s life because in alternative medicine physical health is not separated from mental and emotional state. Latest researches prove that a lot of illnesses have psychosomatic nature and that is why it is not enough to treat only physical side of the problem. The cause of the problem, which causes an illness, can sometimes differ from a diagnosis made by mainstream professionals. Special diet and exercising can be added to the course of herbal treatment in order to improve the result. Peculiarities of Herbal Medicine Herbal treatment can be used for treating practically all known diseases and in the most cases herbs can replace synthetic drugs used in conventional medicine. Effectiveness of herbs is proved by multiple investigations. Herbal remedies are used for different purposes. They can improve digestion, stimulate respiratory and circulatory systems of organism. Other kinds of herbal remedies are used to improve the functioning of nervous and endocrine systems. Stimulating these systems helps to strengthen immune system. Herbs perfectly remove toxins from organism. Usually herbs are classified   according to the sphere of their use. Some herbs are used to stimulate nervous activity, other have antiseptic action and are used to treat infections. Medical use of herbs is diverse. Herbs are used to make oils, infusions, tinctures, and salves. There are several ways of herbal administration. Herbs can be drunk, others are used for external treatment only. There are special herbal capsules. Mainstream physicians rarely prescribe herbal treatment and those, who want to be treated with the help of herbs should find qualified herbalist of naturopathic physician. Unfortunately, insurance companies very rarely cover the cost of herbal treatment. This kind of treatment can be covered only in the cases when herbal treatment is prescribed by mainstream physician. Herbalism vs. Conventional Medicine Conventional medicine is often opposed to herbalism. There are several key differences, which differ these two systems. Despite orthodox medicine is a dominating medical system there are a lot of people who turn to alternative methods, including herbal remedies. There are several factors, which explain this phenomenon. First of all orthodox medicine shows its failure. There are a lot of cases when synthetic drugs can not help people. As states Williams, â€Å"the vacuum created by the abandonment of nutrition by orthodox medicine, is directly responsible for nutrition becoming an alternative therapy. In other words, the so called food faddists and nutrition quacks so often complained about by the medical profession, owe their very existence and continued survival to orthodox medicine! Nature, as they say, abhors a vacuum. â€Å"(Williams, 112) Growing popularity of herbal medicine proves his thesis about the failing of orthodox medicine. The conflict between conventional and herbal medicine presents two different systems of believes. These two systems show two different approaches to human health. Representatives of orthodox medicine do not want any changes to occur. They do not recognize alternative medicine as a valid system of treating people. At the same time there are representatives of orthodox medicine, who use alternative methods as a supplementary means to their orthodox methods. In this case we meet a kind of controversy when orthodox specialists use separate holistic methods while rejecting holistic medicine in general. Conventional medicine does not use individual approach to each patient. In conventional medicine all similar symptoms are usually treated by same medicines. â€Å"Many patients feel alienated by their physicians, who do not always seem to treat them as individuals. This alienation is compounded by the often extreme costs of high-tech medicine. Further, many synthetic drugs have adverse side effects, or have been overused to the point of no longer being effective† (Bruno)   Modern herbalism is based on several principles. First of all its main goal is to optimize health and wellness. The accent in treatment is made on the state of the person as a whole, but not separate symptoms. Individual approach is one of main principles of   herbal medicine. Uniqueness of each individual is a main treasure in herbal medicine. Such an approach is contrasted to conventional medicine which uses standard approach to all patients. Conventional medicine uses a single drug to treat single disease. Herbal medicine treats each patient individually. Herbal specialists believe that similar symptoms of illnesses can be caused by different reasons and that is why they treat each person individually. Herbal medicine is based on the principle of fragile balance, which maintains our mind and body in healthy condition. When this balance is broken a disease starts. In this case disease is regarded as a signal about broken balance and that is why herbal medicine makes everything possible to renew the balance. Such an approach can not guarantee quick treating of all symptoms because all treatment is directed to renew balance. Specialists of herbal medicine believe that organism is able to cure itself as soon as its balance is renewed. As states Leonard Bruno â€Å"Thus the person who takes an herbal remedy should not always expect to see all symptoms disappear immediately, since the natural medicine is intended rather to support the body's systems. The proper functioning body will then remedy the symptoms† (Bruno) Holistic approach used in herbalism is contrasted to philosophy of reductionism, expressed by conventional medicine. Orthodox medicine aims to achieve the state of optimum health where people experience as little pain symptoms as possible. Holistic medicine derives from the notion of holism or balanced functioning of an organism, which becomes the main sours of healthy condition. As states Williams in his book Nutrition against Disease â€Å"Unlike reductionism, holism does not seek to fragment, or impose artificial limitations upon, human knowledge and learning. Rather than dissect the body into numerous separate and independent functional areas , it recognises the interdependence of our various bodily systems. †Ã‚   (Williams, 79) When speaking about dissecting the body into pieces, he definitely speaks about orthodox medicine, which does not regard human body as a one organic unity and treats each symptom and each organ separately. Merits and Demerits of Herbal Medicine Herbal remedies have a lot of advantages. First of all they are natural products, which have mild effect on human organism. Herbal medicines can be used to treat practically all illnesses. Along with positive sides, herbal medicine have some demerits. Herbal medicines do not have so quick effect as synthetic drugs do. Like it was mentioned before herbal medicines treat the causes of an illness, not its symptoms, that is why it can require longer course of treatment to treat all dysfunctions of an organism. People should be aware that using herbal and conventional medicines together without the doctor’s advice can be dangerous. Synthetic and herbal medicines can come in conflict and cause negative effect on human organism. Despite all advantages of herbal medicine and its good impact on human health it is necessary to remember about potential dangers when using herbs for medical purpose. The most toxic and dangerous medicines are produced from plants. Natural origin of herbal medication does not make them completely safe. There is a danger of misuse or overuse of medicines produced from plants. It is true that the most remedies produced from plants are safe but it is still necessary to address a doctor before using herbs as medicines. In addition there is danger of different reactions when herbal remedies are used together with conventional medicines. That is why each person must consult a herbalist before turning to herb treatment. Possible demerits of herbal medicines are fully compensated by positive sides of these remedies. In the most cases herbal remedies are not less effective than synthetic drugs but have much less side effects, if any. Most of conventional drugs have many side effects. Treating one symptom, they hurt other part of an organism. Natural remedies never or very seldom cause side effects. Herbal medicines can make an alternative to practically all synthetic drugs and using them people can escape negative effects of synthetic drugs. Natural remedies are especially suitable for children who are very sensitive to different chemical components. Herbalism becomes very popular among young parents, who try to use only natural products for their small children. Natural remedies can be used for people, who are allergic to synthetic drugs. Herbalism uses holistic approach, which helps to treat an organism as one whole and individual approach helps to choose treatment effective for each separate individual. That is the reason people turn to herbal medicines again. Conclusion Western history of medicine is mainly the history of herbal medicine and I am sure that herbalism will occupy deserved place in the future medical system. Since ancient times people used herbs to treat different diseases and it was hard to find any disease which could not have being cured with the help of herbal remedies. Herbal medicine went through the period of decline during the time after the Second World War. During this time synthetic drugs replaced herbs and people turned to so called conventional medicine. Nowadays the situation is changed again and people start using more and more herbal medicines. Latest research made by the World Health Organization states that more than 80 percent of people turn to herbal treatment in different forms and believe that it is an effective medical method. (Micozzi)   Dispute between herbal and conventional medicine lasts since the development of orthodox medicine and both sides have strong arguments to defend their positions. Herbal medicine is an effective system of treatment and prevention disease and scientific recognition it gets in the official world, is a good proof of its effectiveness. If we consider all reasons pro et contra herbal medicine, we will understand that it deserves to occupy a descent place in the modern world. May be it will not be able to replace orthodox medicine but it can be used as an alternative way of treatment in many cases. Lack of information about alternative types of treatment often deprives people of additional opportunities to choose treatments suitable for them. Works Cited Bruno C. Leonard â€Å"Herbal remedies, western†. Encyclopedia of Medicine. 20010406. FindArticles. com. 16 Mar. 2007. http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0006/ai_2601000663 Butterfield, J. and Sexton, J. â€Å"New Remedies for Old Ills' USA Weekend, Dec 30, 1994-Jan 01, 1995. Helman, C. Culture, Health, and Illness, 3rd ed. Oxford: Butterworth Hellman, 1994. Holmes, P, The Energetics of Western Herbs, revised 3rd ed. , Vol. 1, Snow Lotus Press Inc. , Colorado, USA, 1997. . Holmes, P, Jade Remedies, A Chinese Herbal Reference for the West, Vol. 1, Snow Lotus Press Inc. , Colorado, USA, 1996. Micozzi, M. ed Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. New York:Churchill Livingston, 1996 Mysteriously, L. â€Å"Western Hebraism,† pp 111-120 in Fundamentals of Complementary and Alterative Medicine. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1996. Williams, R. J. , Nutrition Against Disease, Pitman Publishing Corp. , New York, USA, 1971. Shein-Chung Chow; Annpey Pong; Yu-Wei Chang On Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Trials Drug Information Journal; 2006; 40, 4; Health Module pg. 395

John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Essays

John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Essays John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Paper John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Paper On February 21 on the twelvemonth 1921 a adult male who’s in the hereafter will be regarded as a outstanding philosopher John Rawls in Baltimore Maryland was born. He graduated in Kent School in 1939 ; Rawls completed BA at Princeton University and received in here his Ph. D. in 1950. Great American Political Philosopher John Rawls was extremely considered as an of import individual at the clip. as the most outstanding liberalisms’ advocator. He was besides working as a Professor at Harvard University in his field of expertness. in the field of Political Doctrine. Rawls’ theory that frequently calls â€Å"justice as fairness† and its constructs presented in 1971 Theory of Justice. his primary published book. He is besides the Godhead of 1993 Political Liberalism that means typical things into different people and The Law of Peoples in 1999. It presents a non-historical or conjectural fluctuation on the societal contract theory. In the said theory. it declares that agents are doing a balanced and rational societal determination following a certain regulation at the rear of â€Å"veil of ignorance† . The said theory makes them able to forestall from cognizing in advancement what status and class they will keep. Rawls proclaimed that this method will be good for all the citizens for it will certainly bring forth a society in which the freedom of everyone embracing and their independency will be practiced. His announcement besides emphasized that this will maximise for the full state and societal disparity will merely go on when the fortunes prove that it will profit a least favorite components. In brief. what he has done is to unite the really strong rule of societal and economic equality. In the issue entitled â€Å"When is making a turnover state of affairs the right thing to do† . the writer. â€Å"MEK† . tells the narrative an employee who is truly making rather good in the occupation. However. it is besides said that the employer of the said employee although willing to maintain him for the occupation. is non willing and interested in doing such investing for the development of the employee’s calling. â€Å"MEK† besides tells his narrative in sing his past employer. In order to understand the state of affairs allow me foremost give a sum-up of the narrative. MEK one time work as a displacement supervisor in a certain company. By that clip. the operations director is truly skilled non merely in the occupation but as a leader excessively. After some clip. the displacement director was promoted go forthing MEK in charge of the vacant place. MEK works as moving operations director for about 4 months and it can be said that he is making a great occupation with addition in the gross revenues and low turnovers during his clip as the operations director. Suddenly. after more than 160 yearss of working in the said place. it is said that he is to be replace by fresh alumnus of BA grade. The said replacing had perfectly no experience in running a concern. MEK is even asked to develop the individual who is to replace him. Therefore. MEK was in actuality disturbance and decided non to work in the company to any farther extent. The presence of ethical issue can be seen in this narrative. And this presence of issue can be resolved and accomplished utilizing a construct formulated by John Rawls in what appear to us and popularly known as the â€Å"justice of fairness† . Harmonizing to Rawls. two conditions must be satisfied for societal and economic inequalities. First. just equality of chance must be given when it comes to places and every bit good as offices that are frequently to all who can be considered under status. Second. it has to profit those that are considered least advantage member of the society. Using Rawls’s construct in the instance of MEK. it can be said that MEK has the right remain as the operation director of the said company. It can be said that MEK was non given equal chance because the company based their determination on the educational attainment of the person ( which is the chief footing for most companies ) . something that MEK lacks. However. MEK had proven that although he does non hold a BA grade. he is still able to make the occupation. Therefore. using Rawls construct in the state of affairs. it would had been in good will and favour of MEK. Aside from what had been mentioned earlier. there had besides been several constructs of Rawls that are considered of great value and importance in political doctrine. It is believed that John Rawls made an of import part in the said field. Rawls’s work non merely attracted the attending of those who are interested and are in the field of doctrine but many other Fieldss as good such as political scientist. economic expert and even legal bookmans and theologists. This lone proves that his political orientation is good known and regarded as one of the best if non the best. Among all of the plants of Rawls. his books of Justice as equity. his original place. the brooding equilibrium. Rawls’ overlapping consensus. and public dealingss are the 1s that had been given and receive extended attendings. Rawls is regarded as alone among political philosophers in the modern-day clip. Ethical motives involves the survey of norms and values in peculiar action cognizing what is right or incorrect and the effects of it weather bad or good and character virtuousness and this patterns are importance in the Fieldss of administration every bit good as in concern universe. Ethical motives purpose was to supply a systematic explanatory history and enquiry that the people may really hold. The usage of moralss in concern and authorities universe besides imply public policy as a manner of equilibrating or weighing relevant considerations normally identified by rules of common usage. In my personal sentiment. I besides believe that in today’s concern and authorities universe survey of moralss is of great value. In concern. moralss examined moral and ethical jobs that can originate and take it’s topographic point in a concern environment. Through this survey. they will able to follow how the corporations behavior concern. keep both within and outside workers of the company. Through this company can beef up its relationship with the employees how they can pull off and handle every member the right and most effectual manner. or workplace moralss. they can besides explicate a proper administration. and do policies. determination devising. allow techniques and understanding single behaviour. In the instance of administration. it creates a leading procedure and societal duty to be able to administrate and treat the system. And so the administration for the organisation. like a authorities would include such common characteristic such as a clear mission. a good duty. answerability. transparence. stewardship. flexibleness. representation and most of all they may get success. The fulfilment of the organisations mission is a paramount concern be it to do net incomes make good plants or act as a authorities.